Introduction

We are going to setup our 16×2 I2C LCD using the raspberry pi in this post. These LCD’s are cheap and is very useful in showing information in any of your Internet of Things (IOT) projects. We will show as well how to drive this component together with some sample code on how to show information on its screen.

If you would like to see the steps done here in actual video then please look below.

I2C LCD

The LCD modules that we are using is powered by the PCF8574 CMOS silicon circuit. This module provides most microcontroller with  two-line bidirectional bus Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C). This makes your microcontroller use only two wires (SDA/SCL) when communicating with any device that use this module.

Prerequisite

The following are the materials and tools used in this post.

• Raspberry Pi ( I used Raspberry Pi Zero W)
• I2C 16X2 LCD Display
• Breadboard
• Wires

You should have installed the latest Raspberry Pi OS in your unit. If not then please check out this post where I installed the latest Raspberry Pi OS in Headless Mode.

Updating our Raspberry Pi

It is a good idea to update your Raspberry Pi OS to the latest version whenever you start working on it and to that just execute the following command. This might take sometime so allow it to finish its process.

sudo apt update
sudo apt full-upgrade
sudo reboot

Wiring/Schematic Diagram

The following is the wiring of our I2C 16X2 LCD Display to out Raspberry Pi. We are powering up our LCD with the 5V output. The 2 wire I2C pins are connected with each other.

Raspberry Pi	I2C LCD
5V	VCC
GND	GND
SDA (GPIO2)	SDA
SCL (GPIO3)	SCL

Enable I2C Raspberry Pi

Connect to your raspberry pi either thru terminal or putty by way of SSH.

Execute the following command

sudo raspi-config

Then we enable the I2C option. Click enter.

In the next screen, just confirm this option by clicking Yes.

It will say that I2C is now enabled. Click OK and then Finish.

Reboot our raspberry pi by executing below commands and wait for it to finish restarting then we reconnect to it again.

sudo reboot

Detect I2C Address of our LCD

We then need to check if our I2C bus is detected and our LCD address is captured by our Raspberry Pi. To do that just execute the following command.

sudo i2cdetect -y 1

If everything is okay then the address should be displayed like my image above. In this case it is 0x27. This will be used by our Python script later on so take note of this value.

Install the LCD Library

I found the following library to be really effective and simple so we will use this in driving our I2C LCD display in our post.

Execute the following commands.

cd ~
git clone https://github.com/the-raspberry-pi-guy/lcd.git
cd lcd/
sudo ./install.sh

If you get any permission denied error while running the script then please see the common errors section below. Let the installation finish as this might take some time.

The installer will install dependent packages so we don’t need to install anything. Your raspberry pi will auto reboot. Wait for your unit to go back online again before going into testing.

Testing

After reboot we can do the testing of this library. To do that execute the following commands in order.

cd ~
cd lcd
sudo python3 demo_clock.py

You should be able to see the following details displayed in your I2C LCD display where a running clock is shown. Congratulations!

Let’s try out a new scrolling code taken from one of the demo python script. We will show a scrolling text with the following message.

The code to display the following messages is the following. Create the following file using nano and name it test_hello.py

#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Example: Scrolling text on display if the string length is major than columns in display.
# Created by Dídac García.

# Import necessary libraries for communication and display use
import drivers
from time import sleep

# Load the driver and set it to "display"
# If you use something from the driver library use the "display." prefix first
display = drivers.Lcd()

# Main body of code
try:
	print("Press CTRL + C to stop this script!")

	def long_string(display, text='', num_line=1, num_cols=16):
		""" 
		Parameters: (driver, string to print, number of line to print, number of columns of your display)
		Return: This function send to display your scrolling string.
		"""
		if len(text) > num_cols:
			display.lcd_display_string(text[:num_cols], num_line)
			sleep(1)
			for i in range(len(text) - num_cols + 1):
				text_to_print = text[i:i+num_cols]
				display.lcd_display_string(text_to_print, num_line)
				sleep(0.2)
			sleep(1)
		else:
			display.lcd_display_string(text, num_line)
	long_string(display, "Welcome", 1)
	sleep(1)

	while True:
		# An example of infinite scrolling text
		long_string(display, "DonskyTech! DonskyTech! DonskyTech! DonskyTech!", 2)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
	# If there is a KeyboardInterrupt (when you press ctrl+c), exit the program and cleanup
	print("Cleaning up!")
	display.lcd_clear()

The code just displays the message “Welcome” on the first row

If the length of the string exceeds 16 then a loop is needed to display each part of the string.

Common Errors

1. ./install.sh: 21: ./setup.sh: Permission denied

When you run the the install script in installing the library then execute the following command. This will give the necessary permission to the setup.sh file.

chmod u+x setup.sh

Wrap Up

We have powered up our I2C LCD Display in this post using a very good python library. We have wired it to our Raspberry Pi and is able to display any string information that we want. That’s it!

Happy Exploring!